Ikristale ecacileyo, emhle kwaye enemibala, ubuhle beglasi evela kwiQing Dynasty

Iglasi yaseTshayina yaqala kwiZwe laseNtshona Zhou yaza yachuma kwiZwe laseQing. Ngomnyaka wama-35 wolawulo lweKangxi (1690), kwakhiwa umzi-mveliso weglasi weOfisi yoKwakha iQing Palace. Ngexesha leKangxi, iYongzheng, kunye neQianlong, iingcali zaseTshayina zadibanisa izinto zaseTshayina naseNtshona ukwenza uhlobo olulodwa lweglasi. Ngokuwa kwamandla esizwe kwiZwe laseQing, ukuveliswa kweglasi kwiQing Palace kwehla kancinci kancinci, kodwa inani elikhulu leemveliso zeglasi zaseNtshona naseMpuma zangena kwiSixeko esiNgavumelekanga. Iiglasi ezintle nezixabisekileyo zenkundla yeQing Dynasty zathatha imibala yemihla ngemihla kancinci kancinci. Imibala eqaqambileyo kunye neemilo ezityebileyo zeglasi yeQing Dynasty azikaze zenzeke kwimbali yeglasi yaseTshayina.

Ukucoca ibhakethi yeglasi egayiweyo enombala omfusa necacileyo ngexesha eliphakathi

I-hopper yeglasi egayiweyo eluhlaza ekhanyayo (umbono ongaphambili) inqanaba lokucoca eliphakathi

Ukucoca ibhakethi yeglasi egayiweyo eluhlaza ekhanyayo nebonakalayo phakathi enyakeni

I-hopper yeglasi egayiweyo enombala weti ekhanyayo (umbono ongaphambili) inqanaba lokucoca eliphakathi

Ibhakethi yeglasi egayiweyo enombala weti, evulekileyo, inqanaba lokucoca eliphakathi

Luhlaza Iglasi ecacileyo Imbonakalo yesikwere iQing Qianlong

Isikwere seglasi esibonakalayo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) Qing Qianlong

Ibhotile yeglasi ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iQing Qianlong

Ibhotile yendlebe ephindwe kabini ecacileyo yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ibhotile yentyatyambo ekhanyayo eblue blue ekhanyayo neyiglasi ekhanyayo enendlebe ezimbini (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) ecacileyo

I-Western Blue Transparent Isitya seglasi IYurophu yenkulungwane ye-19

Ibhotile yeglasi etyheli ephindwe kabini yeQing Qianlong

Ibhotile yeglasi yechrysanthemum ekhanyayo yaseNtshona evela eYurophu yenkulungwane ye-19

Ibhotile yeglasi yechrysanthemum ekhanyayo yaseNtshona (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) eYurophu yenkulungwane ye-19

Iseti emhlophe yeglasi ebomvu yegqabi lebhanana edityanisiweyo ipatheni yebhabhathane yentyatyambo ivazi yeendlebe ezimbini iQing Qianlong

Ibhotile emhlophe enepatheni yeglasi ebomvu yepesika, iQing Qianlong

Iseti emhlophe yeglasi ebomvu idragoni ephindwe kabini esukela ipearl enepatheni yejade pot spring bottle Qing Qianlong

Ibhotile yeglasi yedragoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nebhotile yephoenix enemibala emhlophe, iQing Qianlong

01 Umsebenzi onzima wokuvuthela
I-"Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" ibhala ukuba ngexesha leMing Dynasty, kwakukho izixhobo zokuvuthela ezifana nezibane zebhamuza, iibhotile zeentlanzi, kunye namehlo kaBuddha avelisa "ubukumkani obungenanto". Kuphela zizixhobo zejade ezenziwe ngeglasi ezibunjiweyo zeMing Dynasty ezisele namhlanje. Ifomula yeglasi eyaziswa eYurophu ngexesha leQing Dynasty yavumela imisebenzi yokuvuthela enzima. Ukongeza ekuvutheleni izinto ezincinci ngokukhululekileyo, ukuvuthela isikhunta yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwenza izinto ezinzima. Nciphisa ityhubhu yokuvuthela yesinyithi kwiprobe yezinto zeglasi uze uyivuthele kwisikhunta. Emva kokuyila, susa isikhunta uze usipolisha, songezelelwe ngokusika nokupeyinta.

Ibhotile yeglasi ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enesiqingatha se-Qing Yongzheng

Iziqhamo zeglasi ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo zokucoca

Iglasi enemibala evelisa iziqhamo (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) icacile

Ibhotile yeglasi enemibala emine, iQing Qianlong

Iiseti zeglasi ezi-02

Iglasi yokugquma yindibaniselwano yetekhnoloji yokugquma iglasi kunye netekhnoloji yokuqopha, enombala wesiseko ngaphambili kunye nombala wesigqubuthelo sangaphandle ekubhekiselwa kuso kamva. Ingohlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye kukugquma iglasi ye-monochrome ngeglasi ye-monochrome; Indlela yesibini "kukudibanisa", okubandakanya ukubopha kancinci kunye nokunyibilikisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeglasi ezinemibala kwi-substrate, uze uziqophe kwindawo ethile.

Iglasi emhlophe enemibala eneepateni ezimbini zeelulwane kunye namanzi amile okwe-melon, iQing Dynasty Qianlong

Ibhotile yesnuff yeglasi eluhlaza enemibala etyheli ecacileyo

Iglasi emhlophe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka efakwe igqabi lebhanana edityanisiweyo nentyatyambo eneendlebe ezimbini ivazi yeQing Qianlong

Iglasi emhlophe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka efakwe igqabi lebhanana edityanisiweyo nentyatyambo eneendlebe ezimbini (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) Qing Qianlong

Isitya esimhlophe esineepatheni zeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iQing Qianlong

Isitya esimhlophe esineepatheni zeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esifakwe iglasi emhlophe (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) Qing Qianlong

03 Ukupeyinta iglasi

Ukupenda ngeglasi luhlobo lokupenda olusebenzisa iglasi njengendlela yokubonisa. Njengoko umfanekiso uboniswa phantsi kweglasi, kuyimfuneko ukulandela ulandelelwano lweenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba umbala udibane ngexesha lenkqubo yokupenda, nto leyo echaseneyo nenkqubo yokupenda eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uBukhosi baseQing baphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza indlela yokupenda ngaphakathi besebenzisa iincam zepeni ezigobileyo, ezazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizitya ezincinci ezifana neebhotile zesnuff.

Ipeyinti yamanenekazi aseNtshona Ipeyinti yeglasi ecacileyo

Umzobo weglasi yabasetyhini baseNtshona (Iinkcukacha) Qing

Umzobo weGlasi woLimo kunye nokuLuka ocacileyo

Umzobo wezoLimo kunye nokuLuka iGlasi yokuPenda (Iinkcukacha) Icacile

04 iglasi eqoshiweyo

Iglasi eqoshiweyo inokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe yindlela yokusika idayimani kunye nendlela yokusika iimoto. Kusekho inani elincinci leglasi eqoshiweyo yedayimani yexesha likaKangxi. Le ndlela yaqala eVenice ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, apho ipeni yokusika enedayimani yayisetyenziswa phezu kweglasi ukupeyinta nokusila. Ngexesha leYongzheng, iglasi eqoshiweyo yafumana ugqozi olukhulu kwiindlela zemveli zokusika ijade, ngoku ezibizwa ngokuba "yindlela yokusika iinqwelo".

Iglasi yesafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanyayo eqoshwe ngeglasi yeentyantyambo evela eYurophu yenkulungwane ye-19

Iglasi ekhanyayo nekhanyayo enemibala eqingqiweyo yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaseNtshona (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) eYurophu yenkulungwane ye-19

Indebe yebhabhathane enemibala eqaqambileyo eqoshwe ngeglasi eqaqambileyo, iQing Qianlong

Iglasi ecacileyo eqingqiweyo yentyatyambo kunye nepateni yeziqhamo, indebe ecacileyo eneenyawo eziphakamileyo

Indebe ecacileyo yentyatyambo eqoshiweyo neziqhamo enemifuziselo ende (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) ecacileyo

05 Iglasi yeGolide

Iglasi yeBaojin ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokwenza imigca emnyama emincinci nefanayo kumphezulu weglasi ye-monochrome, uze ufake iglu yegolide kunye nefoyile ngaphakathi kwemigca ukwenza ubume begolide. Le ndlela yaphuhliswa ngokufumana ugqozi kwitekhnoloji ye-lacquerware kwaye ngumhombiso owahlukileyo weglasi yenkundla yeQing Dynasty.

Iglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka egqunywe ngegolide edityanisiweyo nesebe elinophahla lwe-tripod oluyi-Qing Qianlong

Ivazi yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamasebe agqunywe ngegolide kunye neepateni zeentyatyambo, iQing Qianlong

06 Iglasi yeVenus

Iglasi yeVenus iqanjwe ngeengqayi zekristale ezikhazimla ngokukhanya kwegolide ngaphakathi emzimbeni wayo. Yaqala ukwaziswa njengohlobo olutsha lweglasi eVenice ngenkulungwane ye-15 kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi "Wendorina stone" okanye "Kashlun" kwiingxelo zeQing Palace. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yolawulo lweQianlong, olu hlobo lwadutyulwa ngempumelelo kumzi-mveliso weglasi phantsi kolwalathiso lwabavangeli. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obukhulu kunye nobunzima bokuvuthela, uninzi lweglasi yeVenus ekhoyo iqoshwe kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusika ijade, kunye nezinto ezimbalwa ezineziqwenga zeglasi yeVenus ezifakwe ngaphandle komzimba wesinyithi.

Itayara lekopolo elifakwe iglasi yenkwenkwezi yegolide, isibambi sepeni yokuqhekeka komkhenkce, esicacileyo

Itayara lethusi elifakwe isibambi sepeni yomkhenkce esineglasi yeenkwenkwezi zegolide (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) ocacileyo

I-Venus Glass Carving Cloud Phoenix Pattern Double Connection Water City Flower Insertion Clear

07 Ezinye izinto ezintle kakhulu zenkcubeko

Iglasi emhlophe, amachaphaza abomvu, imbiza yeentyatyambo, ecacileyo

Iglasi emhlophe egqunywe ngesilika enemibala kunye nebhotile yeglasi enepatheni ejikelezayo, iQing Qianlong

Ibhotile emhlophe yeglasi ejikelezileyo egqunywe ngesilika enemibala (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) Qing Qianlong

Ibhotile yokupeyinta intyatyambo nentaka yeglasi epeyinta umzimba we-enamel Qing Qianlong

I-Diancui ehonjiswe ngeglasi, inzala enepateni yeBandai, intyatyambo yentloko, icacile

Isongo seglasi ebomvu egqunywe likhephu saseFeixue, esicacileyo

Iglasi ecacileyo eqoshiweyo ingonyama eleleyo iphosa ibhola ecacileyo

Ibhotile yeglasi egqunywe ngemibala emibini enemibala yaseNtshona, eVenice yenkulungwane ye-18

Ibhotile yeglasi egqunywe ngemibala yaseNtshona enesiciko sendlebe esiphindwe kabini (umfanekiso oneenkcukacha) iVenice yenkulungwane ye-18