Iiglasi Ezinomlingo Nezingcwele - Iiglasi Zemihla ngemihla

Izitya zeglasi zemihla ngemihla zizinto eziyimfuneko ebomini bomntu ezenziwe ngeglasi, kuquka izitya zeglasi zamanzi, iwayini, iti, izitya zetafile, izitya zasekhitshini, njalo njalo.

Iglasi yemihla ngemihla - yinto engenazo ii-electron ezikhululekileyo okanye ii-electron ezivuselelwa lula kwisakhiwo sayo. Ulwakhiwo lwento luncinci kakhulu, alunazo iimbobo ezininzi kunye nezinye iimeko. Iimpawu zale nto zenza Ikristale yeglasi icacile, yenza abantu bazive becacile kwaye bekhululekile xa beyijonga okokuqala; Kwangaxeshanye, iimpawu zayo ezingasebenziyo ziyinika ukumelana okunamandla kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkali, ngoko akufuneki ukhathazeke ngeekhemikhali eziyingozi ezingena ngaphakathi; Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwayo nge-100%, iye yaqatshelwa ngokubanzi njengeyona paki yokutya ikhuselekileyo, enempilo, kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, isikhongozeli, kunye nemveliso yasekhaya ehlabathini.

Ehlotyeni elishushu, abantu baya kuva ngokwenene uvakalelo olukhazimlayo nolupholileyo xa besela iziselo ezikhenkcezisiweyo, umkhenkce ochetyiweyo, njl.njl. kwiibhotile zeglasi, iiglasi okanye iipleyiti zeglasi; Iziqwenga zeziqhamo ezinemibala elishumi, okanye iziqwenga zemifuno ezahlukeneyo, ezibomvu, eziorenji, ezityheli, eziluhlaza, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimfusa, nezimhlophe ongcwele, ezizaliswe ziibhakethi zeglasi ezahlukeneyo ezithambileyo, ezicocekileyo, nezikhanyayo, ezintsha nezikhanyayo, ezibonakalayo kuzo zonke iindlela; Ukutya kwaseTshayina kugxininisa indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo yombala, ivumba, kunye nencasa, kunye Izitya zeglasi, izitya zewayini, kunye nezitya zasekhitshini zibe zizitya zakho ezifanelekileyo. Zonke ezi zinto ziya kukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele incasa entle kunye namava abonakalayo, kunye noxolo lomphefumlo ococekileyo nococekileyo.

Ngaba unomdla wokufunda ngenkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zeglasi ezintle nezikhuselekileyo? Apha ngezantsi kukho inkcazo emfutshane: Izinto zeglasi zenziwe kakhulu ngeglasi ye-sodium calcium silicate, iglasi ye-borosilicate, iglasi ye-potassium barium crystalline, njl.njl., kwaye kukwakho nezinye ezenziwe ngeglasi ye-microcrystalline, iglasi ye-alumina ephezulu, kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo. Ukuveliswa kwezinto zeglasi kubandakanya ikakhulu amanyathelo amane: ukuxuba, ukunyibilikisa, ukwenza kunye nokufaka i-annealing, kunye nokucubungula. Iglasi inokuba nombala kwaye ibonakale, kunye neeglasi ezahlukeneyo ezinemibala ebonakalayo. Ezi glasi zinemibala zenziwe ngokongeza inani elincinci lezinto zesinyithi kwizinto ezikrwada zeglasi kwaye zinyibilikise kunye. Umzekelo, i-cuprous oxide inokuvelisa imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza, okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ungabona kwakhona iimveliso ezininzi ezintle zeglasi, ezifana nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye neprints, ezenziwe ngonyango olwahlukeneyo lokucubungula kumphezulu wangaphandle ngokweemfuno zobuhle zabathengi abahlukeneyo, ezinje: izixhobo zobugcisa eziphezulu ezifana neegoblets, iibhotile zeziqholo, iimbiza zeziqhamo, iibhotile zeentyatyambo, njl.njl., ezenziwe ngeglasi ye-potassium barium crystal. Izixhobo zokupheka, ii-microwave, kunye nezitya ze-oven ozisebenzisayo, ezifana neembiza zekofu, iitreyi zokubhaka, iibhokisi zokugcina izinto ezinganyangekiyo kubushushu, njl.njl., zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate enganyangekiyo kubushushu, ngelixa izixhobo zasekhitshini ezinokutsha ngqo zenziwe ngeglasi ye-microcrystalline, enokumelana ngcono nobushushu kunye nobushushu kutshintsho olukhawulezileyo.

Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubumba izinto zeglasi: izinto zeglasi ezilungiselelwe ngokweemfuno zifakwa kwisithando ukuze zinyibilike, kwaye emva kokunyibilika, zicwengisiswe zibe lulwelo lweglasi olufanayo ngaphandle kwamaqamza, amatye, okanye imivimbo. Zipholiswa zibe luluhlu lwe-viscosity oluhlangabezana neemfuno zendlela yokubumba efanelekileyo, emva koko kwenziwa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokubumba.

Ukubumba ngokufutha: Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokubumba ngokufutha: ngesandla kunye noomatshini. Ngexesha lokubumba ngesandla, ityhubhu yokuvuthela ephathwayo isetyenziselwa ukukhetha izinto kwi-crucible okanye kwindawo yokuphuma kwezinto kwi-oven yetanki, kwaye zivuthele zibe yimo yesixhobo kwi-mold. Iimveliso ezijikelezayo ezithambileyo zivuthela kusetyenziswa indlela yokuvuthela ejikelezayo; Indlela yokuvuthela engashukumiyo isetyenziselwa iimveliso ezineepateni ezingqukuva nezingqukuva okanye iimilo ezingangqukuvanga kumphezulu. Inkqubo yokukhetha kuqala izinto ezingenambala kwaye uzivuthele zibe ngamaqamza amancinci, uze ukhethe izinto ezinemibala okanye ezinobisi kwaye uzivuthele zibe yimo yesikhongozeli esineeqamza ezincinci ibizwa ngokuba yi-set blowing. Nciphisa amasuntswana ezinto ezinyibilikayo ezinemibala kwi-coating efana nobisi, kwaye ukuhamba kwendalo kokunyibilika kwemibala eyahlukeneyo kunokuvuthela kwiinqanawa zendalo; Nciphisa izinto ezinemibala nge-strip yezinto ezinobisi, ezinokuvuthela zibe yisitya esixutyiweyo okanye esisongiweyo. Ukubumba ngoomatshini kusetyenziselwa ukuvuthela inani elikhulu leemveliso. Emva kokufumana izinto, umatshini wokuvuthela uvala ngokuzenzekelayo i-mold yesinyithi kwaye uyivuthele ibe yimo yesitya. Emva kokuyisusa, isiciko siyasuswa ukuze kwenziwe isitya. Umatshini wokufutha ngoxinzelelo nawo ungasetyenziswa, kuqala ubethe izinto zibe ngamaqamza amancinci (iiprototypes), uze uqhubeke nokuzifutha zibe yimo yesixhobo. Usebenza kakuhle kwaye ungcono kunomshini wokufutha nje.

Ukubumba ngoxinzelelo: Ngexesha lokubumba ngesandla, izinto zikhethwa ngesandla zize zisikwe zibe yimold yesinyithi, ziqhutywe yipunch, zicinezelwe zibe yimo yomatshini, ziqine kwaye zimile, emva koko zisuswe. Ukuveliswa kokubumba ngoomatshini okuzenzakalelayo, ubungakanani obukhulu bebhetshi, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu. Ukubumba ngoxinzelelo kufanelekile kwiimveliso ezincinci ezimile njengesixhobo ezinomlomo omkhulu kunye nasezantsi ezinokuphuma kwipunch, njengeekomityi, iipleyiti, ii-ashtrays, njl.

Ukubumba kwe-Centrifugal: Le nto ifunyanwa kwi-mold ejikelezayo, kwaye amandla e-centrifugal aveliswa kukujikeleza abangela ukuba iglasi ivuleke kwaye inamathele ngokuqinileyo kwi-mold. Emva kokuqina nokubumba, iyasuswa. Ifanelekile ukwenza izitya zeglasi ezinkulu ezineendonga ezifanayo.

Ukubumba kwamahhala: okwaziwa ngokuba kukubumba okungenamgquba. Khetha izinto ngesandla uze uzibhake ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye uzifudumeze phambi kwesithando somlilo. Ngenxa yokungadibani nokubumba, umphezulu weglasi uyakhazimla kwaye imilo kunye nemigca yemveliso zigudile. Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zaziwa ngokuba ziimveliso zeglasi yesithando somlilo. Iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ezifana nemisebenzi yezandla yeglasi kunye nemihombiso.

Ukucubungula: Iiglasi ezibunjiweyo kufuneka zifakwe i-anneal ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lobushushu olubangelwa kukupholisa okungalinganiyo. Iimveliso ezilula ezixineneyo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemveliso zeglasi ye-oven azisenakucutshungulwa. Uninzi lweziglasi lucutshungulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo emva kokubumba ukuze kugqitywe imo yemveliso kwaye zibe nemiphumo yobugcisa. Umzekelo, iipateni zokusika, unyango lokufudumala, unyango lokupolisha, unyango lokugqiba i-matte, ukuhonjiswa kwe-glaze enemibala, ukuhonjiswa kwe-rainbow, ukuhonjiswa kwegolide, umbala we-ion diffusion, njl.njl., ikakhulu kubandakanya ukucutshungulwa kwangaphandle kwesikhephe, kusetyenziswa imigaqo yokukhanya ukwenza umsebenzisi azive ukuba sonke isikhephe sikhupha ukukhanya okungaqondakaliyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Iglasi intle ngendlela emangalisayo. Kule mihla, ubomi babantu buya buchuma ngakumbi, kwaye umkhwa wokufuna ubuhle awunakunqandeka. Ukwenza iimveliso zeglasi eziya zintle ngakumbi, zikhuselekile, zisempilweni, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngokwemvelo kuye kwaba yinjongo ebalulekileyo ebantwini yokufuna ukonwaba okuphezulu!