Iiglasi zeSizwe zeGrade Treasure: Uxabiso kunye neNkcazelo eneenkcukacha zeBoutique yoQokelelo oluGciniweyo

Izinto zeglasi zakudala ezifunyenwe eTshayina zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokungcwaba kwiibhokisi zamangcwaba, kunye nezikhongozeli zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neminikelo kwizinto zakudala zamaBhuda ezifana neepagoda, iitempile, izindlu zasebukhosini ezingaphantsi komhlaba, okanye izindlu zasebukhosini zesibhakabhaka. Ukususela oko kwaqala ubuBhuda, bunento yokwenza neglasi, kwaye iglasi inendawo ekhethekileyo kubuBhuda.

Isitya seglasi sembulwe kwilitye lepagoda yamaBhuda aseNorthern Wei eDingzhou, kwiPhondo laseHebei

Igama lesiSanskrit elithi "iglasi" lithetha ilitye elinqabileyo eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, elibhekisa kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onzulu welitye elinqabileyo. Njengombala wesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onomgangatho ocacileyo wekristale, umphezulu kunye nangaphakathi zicacile, kwaye ingaphakathi nangaphandle ziyahambelana. UBuddha wezonyango nguBuddha weHlabathi leGlasi ecocekileyo yaseMpuma. UbuBhuda busebenzisa ukucaca kokukhanya kweglasi ukuchaza ngokufuziselayo ubuhle bukaBuddha, ngoko ke uBuddha wezonyango ukwabizwa ngokuba yiBuddha weMedicine yaseMpuma yoKhanyiso lweGlasi ecocekileyo.

I-Tang Dynasty eneenyawo ezinde eziluhlaza okotshani Iikomityi zeglasi yafunyanwa kwimiqolomba yaseSenmushem eKuche, eXinjiang

Njengenkolo, ukuguqukela elukholweni yeyona nto iphambili. Ukuze kutsalwe ingqalelo yamakholwa kwaye kusasazwe iDharma, iimonki zihlala zizama ukuvelisa iingcamango ezintsha, amasiko, uyilo lwezakhiwo, kunye nezinto zakudala. Ukuphila ngeglasi, ukufa kubi nangakumbi. ISheli ekuqaleni yayiligama lesiSanskrit eliguqulelwe amathambo okanye amathambo kaBuddha okomoya. Ngokutsho kweNcwadi kaWei yoMntla Qi yoBukhosi, "iNcwadi kaWei: Shi Lao Zhi," emva kokuba uBuddha eswelekile, umthi onevumba elimnandi watshiswa kwaye amathambo okomoya aqhekeka abe ziingceba, ngalinye lincinci njengenkozo. Awonakali xa ebethelwa, okanye etshisiwe, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayenempembelelo eqaqambileyo yobuthixo. Abizwa ngokuba "nguSheli" ngobuqhetseba.

Nokuba zizinto eziseleyo zomzimba wokwenene okanye izinto ezithatha indawo yazo, zizinto ezibalulekileyo zeminikelo kunye nezinto ezingcwele, kwaye ezi zinto zingcwele kufuneka zigcinwe kwizikhongozeli ezixabisekileyo kakhulu. Izikhongozeli zezinto eziseleyo kwiipagodas zamandulo zamaBhuda eIndiya naseAsia Ephakathi zazenziwe ngezinto ezifana nodongwe, umthi, isinyithi, ilitye, kunye nekristale. Nangona kunjalo, eTshayina, izikhongozeli zezinto eziseleyo ezenziwe ngeglasi ziye zavela. Izizathu zoku zimbini: okokuqala, kumaxesha amandulo, iglasi yayinqabile kwaye ixabisekile xa ithelekiswa negolide; okwesibini, iglasi yayicacile kwaye ithambile kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kakhulu ukugcina nokubonisa.

Iintsimbi zeglasi ezifunyenwe kwiileta zepagoda zamaBhuda aseNorthern Wei eDingzhou, kwiPhondo laseHebei

Okwangoku, isiseko senqaba sokuqala esisele eTshayina yiNorthern Wei Buddhist Pagoda Site eDingzhou, kwiPhondo laseHebei. Kwindawo egqunywe yintaba yenqaba, kukho imvulophu yelitye elisikwere enesiciko esiphezulu sonyaka wesihlanu weTaihe (481 AD). Ngaphakathi kwimvulophu, kukho izinto ezininzi ezixabisekileyo ezigcinwe lusapho lwasebukhosini lwaseNorthern Wei, kuquka izikhongozeli zeglasi ezisixhenxe kunye namawaka ezinto zokuhombisa zeglasi ezifana nemibhobho kunye neentsimbi.

Iibhotile zeglasi eziluhlaza ezivela kwiSizukulwana saseSui zafunyanwa kwindawo esisiseko senqaba yeTempile yaseQingchan eXi'an

Ibhotile yeglasi eluhlaza enentamo ebhityileyo nesisu esingqukuva, esinobude obuyi-8.4 cm kunye nobubanzi obuyi-7 cm, yafunyanwa kwisiseko senqaba yeTempile yaseQingchan eXi'an, eyakhiwa ngonyaka wesithoba wolawulo lukaKaihuang woBukhosi baseSui (589 AD). Isisu sinemihombiso emine engqukuva ephumileyo enobubanzi obuyi-2.5 cm, kwaye igxalaba lebhotile linemihombiso emine engqukuva elinganayo. Le mihombiso ingqukuva kunye nengqukuva yonke yenziwa ngokusila emva kokuba into yenziwe, enxulumene netekhnoloji yokucubungula iglasi ebandayo. Le bhotile yeglasi isetyenziselwa ngokuchanekileyo ukugcina izinto ezisele.

Isiseko senqaba yeTempile yaseDayun eJingchuan, eGansu sakhiwa ngonyaka wokuqala weYanzai (694 AD). Ibhokisi yamatye engaphantsi komhlaba yebhotwe yayinebhokisi yobhedu enemibala yegolide, eyayinebhokisi yesilivere. Ibhokisi yesilivere yayinebhotile encinci yeglasi emhlophe, eyayine "zintsalela" ezili-14. Oku kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nengxelo ekwi "Inscription on the Relic Stone Box of Dayun Temple in Jingzhou": "Emva koko kwavulwa igumbi lezitena kwaza kwafunyanwa ibhokisi yamatye. Kwakukho izintsalela ezili-14 kwibhotile yeglasi.

Ingqokelela yeMyuziyam yaseGansu yeePagoda zeTempile yaseJingyuan Dayun kunye neeBottles zeGlasi ezingaphantsi komhlaba zePalace Relics

Izinto ezenziwe ngeglasi ezifunyenwe kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leTempile yaseFamen eFufeng

Ngokwentsomi yamaBhuda, ukuze asasaze ubuBhuda ngcono, uKumkani uAshoka waqokelela izinto ezisele ezingama-84000 kwingqokelela kaKumkani uAshikaga kwiingqayi zeglasi ezingama-84000, izigqubuthelo zobuncwane ezingama-84000, kunye neziqwenga ezinemibala engama-84000. Wayalela neziporho kunye noothixo ukuba benze iipagoda ezingama-84000 zamaBhuda ngobusuku obunye waza wagcina ezo zinto zingama-84000 ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngelo xesha, iFamen Temple yayineempawu ezintathu: itempile yebhotwe, itempile yesizwe, kunye netempile edumileyo. Yayiyindawo engcwele yamaBhuda eyayihlonitshwa lusapho lwasebukhosini lwamaTang. Ukususela kwixesha likaTang Zhenguan, imisebenzi esixhenxe yayibanjwa ukwamkela nokuthumela amathambo amaBhuda. Ngo-1987, kwaphinda kwaveliswa izinto zeglasi zikaBuddha zeFamen Temple, kwaza kwafunyanwa izinto zeglasi ezili-17, zonke ezikholelwa ukuba zizinto ezigcinwe lusapho lwasebukhosini.

Iibhotile zeglasi ezifunyenwe kwiLiao Dynasty White Pagoda eJixian, eTianjin

Ngexesha lobukhosi bukaSong nobukaLiao, iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni kunye neemonki ezidumileyo zenze imizamo emikhulu yokujikeleza izinto zeglasi ezixabisekileyo zibe ziipagoda kunye neetempile zonqulo ukuze zifune udumo. Ibhotile yeglasi etyheli ekhanyayo yafunyanwa kwileta yelitye laseTiangong yaseChaoyang North Pagoda kwiPhondo laseLiaoning, enobude obuziisentimitha ezili-16 kunye nomfanekiso ofana nentaka egobileyo enobubanzi besisu esivuthuzayo obuziisentimitha eziyi-8.5. Intamo yebhotile yayihonjiswe ngocingo lweglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye isikrufu esisesiphathweni senziwe ngeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umlomo webhotile wawuxhotyiswe ngesiciko sebhotile sikamama nomntwana segolide, kwaye kwakukho nekomityi encinci yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwebhotile. Le bhotile yeglasi inomfanekiso owahlukileyo kunye nodonga lweglasi oluncinci kakhulu nolukhaphukhaphu. Yiglasi yamaSilamsi eyenziwe ngendlela yokuvuthela. Njengesitya sedini, le nto ixabisekileyo yajikeleziswa yaba yipagoda yamaBuddha ngexesha lolawulo lukaMlawuli uChongxi woBukhosi bukaLiao.

Ibhotile yeglasi yeLiao Dynasty yafunyanwa kwiChaoyang North Tower kwiPhondo laseLiaoning

Isiseko senqaba yeTempile yaseJingzhi eDing County, kwiPhondo laseHebei sakhiwa kwakhona kunyaka wesibini weTaiping Xingguo kwiNtlanga yeNgoma yaseMantla (977 AD). Ezi zinto zafunyanwayo ziquka izinto ezahlukeneyo eziqokelelweyo nezinikelweyo kwiintsalela ukususela kunyaka wesibini weXing'an kwiNtlanga yeNgoma yaseMantla (453 AD), ukuya kunyaka wesibini weDaye kwiNtlanga yeNgoma yaseSui (606 AD), unyaka weshumi elinesibini weDazhong kwiNtlanga yeNgoma yaseTang (858 AD), kunye nonyaka wesibini weTaiping Xingguo kwiNtlanga yeNgoma (977 AD). Phakathi kwazo, kukho izinto zeglasi ezingama-37. Isiseko seNqaba yeJingzhongyuan sakhiwa kunyaka wokuqala wolawulo lweZhidao kwiNtlanga yeNgoma yaseMantla (995 AD), kwaye kukho izinto zeglasi ezingama-34 ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yelitye lebhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba. Ezi zinto zeglasi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo zakudala. Iglasi yaseTshayinaimpahla.

Imibhalo ekwiiglasi kwiileta zebronze zaseSui kunye neeleta zelitye laseTang ezivela kwiTempile yaseDingzhou Jingzhi

Ileta yelitye yoBukhosi baseSui, ileta yobhedu enemibala yegolide, ileta yelitye emile okwesiciko, isitya segolide nesilivere esinemibala yegolide, inqaba yegolide nesilivere enemibala yegolide, kunye neebhotile ezimbini zeglasi ezineenqanaba eziluhlaza nezimhlophe ezifunyenwe kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leJingzhi Temple Pagoda zenza iseti yezikhongozeli eziqokelelweyo, ezihambelana nombhalo othi "zibekwe phezulu nasezantsi, iileya ezisixhenxe ngaphakathi nangaphandle" kumbhalo wobhedu onemibala yegolide kunyaka wesibini kaDaye (606 AD). Ngonyaka we-12 kaDazhong (858 AD) woBukhosi baseTang, umbhalo welitye othi "Record of the Re burial of the True Body in Jingzhi Temple eDingzhou" urekhode oku: "Kukho ubuncwane obusixhenxe obujikeleze inqaba yesilivere kumbhalo wobumba wegolide, iibhotile ezimbini zeglasi ngaphakathi, kwaye iibhotile ezimbini ezincinci ezimhlophe nezinkulu eziluhlaza ziyachuma." Oku kubonisa iibhotile ezimbini zeglasi eziphambili "kwiileya ezisixhenxe ngaphakathi nangaphandle". Kude kube sekupheleni kwexesha, yayikwayimveliso yoBukhosi baseSui.

Iikomityi zeglasi ezithe tye ezivela kwiSui Dynasty zifunyenwe kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba lepagoda yamaBuddha kwiTempile yaseDingzhou Jingzhi

Ekupheleni kwencwadi ethi "Record of the True Body", kubhaliwe oku: "I-pagoda encinci yelitye kwi-pagoda yayikwiTempile yaseTianyou, ineentsalela ezimbini kunye neebhotile ezine zokugcina: iglasi, igolide, isilivere, kunye nelacquer, ezibekwe kwileta endala phezulu kwi-pagoda." Ibhotile yeglasi engaphakathi yibhotile encinci ecacileyo enesikwere enesiciko se-lotus, esetyenziswa njengesitya sokugcina inkunkuma.

Iivazi zeglasi zezinto zakudala zeSui Dynasty ezifunyenwe kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba lepagoda yamaBhuda yeTempile yaseJingzhi

Enye ibhotile yeglasi nayo ingaba yimveliso yeSui Dynasty. Le bhotile iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ibonakala kancinci, inomlomo oqaqambileyo kunye nesisu esivuvukileyo. Iphakame ngeesentimitha ezili-9, ububanzi bayo buziisentimitha ezi-5.5, kwaye ububanzi bayo buziisentimitha ezi-8. Songa ifayibha yeglasi ejikeleze igxalaba uze ujikeleze iinyawo.

I-Glass poppy evela kwiSui Dynasty yafunyanwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leJingzhi Temple Buddhist Pagoda

UXiao Liang kunye noShen Yue boBukhosi baseMzantsi babhale bathi "Oonongendi bamaBhuda kwiTempile yamaBhuda kwiBukhosi baseMzantsi Qi bahamba ngendlela ecacileyo nentle": "Ukusuka efini, ungabona uMaitreya kunye nazo zonke iiBodhisattva. Zonke zigolide, kwaye kukho ipopi yeglasi ecacileyo ezandleni zazo..." Ipopi yeglasi esezandleni zeBodhisattva iyigugu, ngelixa i-opium poppy yibhotile enesisu esikhulu kunye nomlomo omncinci, oluhlobo lwesiTshayina. Izinto ezibanjwe yiBodhisattva kwimizobo eseMqolombeni 225 weMogao Grottoes yaseDunhuang zifana ngendlela efanayo neebhotile zeglasi zeSui Dynasty ezafunyanwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leTempile yaseJingzhi, oko kukuthi, ipopi yeglasi ecacileyo njengobutyebi.

Iipoppy zeglasi ezibanjwe yibodhisattvas eludongeni kuMqolomba 225 weMogao Grottoes yaseDunhuang

Kukwakho ne Isitya seglasi, eluhlaza okombala ocacileyo, enomzantsi ogobileyo ogobileyo, ubukhulu bodonga obungaphantsi kweesentimitha eziyi-0.15, ukuphakama kweesentimitha eziyi-9, kunye nobubanzi beesentimitha eziyi-15. Isitya seglasi esimile okwelotus esibanjwe yiBodhisattva kuMqolomba 328 weMiqolomba yaseMogao siyafana ngemilo.

Isitya seglasi seLotus esibanjwe yiBodhisattva kuMqolomba 328 weMogao Grottoes

KwiSigodlo seNgoma, ibhotile yeglasi equlethe amanzi erozi, ekwaziwa ngokuba yivumba elimnandi, yayiyinto ebalulekileyo kwizikhumbuzo zamaBhuda. Ezi bhotile zeglasi zincinci ezintathu ezingentla ezafunyanwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba ezantsi kwenqaba yeJingzhi Academy zonke zaziziibhotile zeglasi zokugcina iziqholo.

Ibhotile yeglasi eqingqiweyo yeSong Dynasty yafunyanwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba lepagoda yamaBhuda yeTempile yaseJingzhi

Kwavunjululwa iibhotile zeglasi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane kunye neebhotile ezincinci ezinentamo kwiziseko zeebhotwe ezimbini ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo equka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, emdaka, emdaka, ecacileyo, kunye nemdaka, engabonakaliyo. Ezi glasi zaziyimveliso yeSong Dynasty, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ishishini lokuvelisa iiglasi zasekhaya kwiSong Dynasty laliphuhlile kakhulu xa lithelekiswa neSui neTang Dynasties, kwaye linokuvelisa iimveliso zeglasi zemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nokucaca.
Ivazi yeglasi yegourd evela kwiNgoma yoBukhosi ifunyenwe kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leTempile yaseJingzhi, iPagoda yamaBuddhist

Ukongeza kwiintsimbi zeglasi eziyimfuneko kwizixhobo zobuBhuda ngexesha lobukhosi bukaTang noSong, ezinye iziqhamo kunye nezinye izixhobo ezenziwe ngeglasi nazo zazisetyenziswa njengombulelo kuBuddha. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kunye nentsingiselo yeglasi nazo zazihambelana neemfundiso. Kukho "iziqhamo" zeglasi ezingqukuva ezintandathu ezafunyanwa kwi-stupa eLintong, eShaanxi, ezibizwa ngokuba "ziziqhamo zeSutuohan" ngokwesigama samaBhuda. Zazigcinwe kwi-stupa xa zifunyanwa; Amaqanda eglasi, iipleyiti zeglasi, njl.njl. zihlala zifumaneka emangcwabeni asele njengezinto zokungcwaba okanye iminikelo.

Ipleyiti yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enemifanekiso eqingqiweyo efihliweyo kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leFamen Temple

Kwafunyanwa iipleyiti zeglasi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezineepateni ezikroliweyo kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leFamen Temple, zonke ezigcinwe kakuhle kwaye zineepateni ezintle kakhulu. Iipateni ezikroliweyo zenziwa phezu kweglasi kusetyenziswa isixhobo esiqinileyo nesincinci kuneglasi emva kokuba yenziwe, esisebenza kwitekhnoloji yokucubungula iglasi ebandayo.

Ipleyiti yegolide ekhazimlayo enephethini yegqabi lemaple, enobubanzi obuyi-15.9, ukuphakama okuyi-2.1, ubunzulu obuyi-1.8 centimeters, ubunzima obuyi-132 grams. Umlomo othe tye onemilebe etsolo, isisu esingaphantsi esinomzantsi othe tyaba, kunye nombindi ojijekileyo kancinci. Uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onzulu, ocacileyo. Umbindi wesitya uhonjiswe ngeepateni zegqabi lemaple kunye negolide, ngelixa umphezulu ongaphandle uhonjiswe ngamaza amanzi kunye nemigca ethe tyaba, kwaye wahlulwe ngezangqa ezixineneyo.

I-Famen Temple engaphantsi komhlaba ipateni yegqabi le-maple epeyintwe ngeplati yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yegolide

Le pleyiti yeglasi egqunywe ngegolide isekelwe kwindlela yokukrola iglasi, igxininisa iipateni eziphambili ngegolide ukuze ipleyiti yeglasi entle ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi. Ngokweengxelo zempahla yebhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba, la macwecwe eglasi aqoshiweyo ayeyiminikelo yoMlawuli uXizong woBukhosi baseTang kwaye abekwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba laseTibet ngoJanuwari wonyaka we-15 kaXiantong (874 AD).

Kwafunyanwa izitya zeglasi ezingama-20 kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leFamen Temple, apho iseti enye kuphela yeekomityi zeti ezimbini zeglasi kunye nezibambo zeti ezinokuba zizixhobo zeglasi zasekhaya.

Ibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba leFamen Temple ligcina iikomityi zeti zeglasi kunye neetreyi zeti

Ikomityi yeti yeglasi inombala otyheli okhanyayo, iluhlaza kancinci, icacile kakuhle, ububanzi be-12.7, ukuphakama kwe-5.2, ubunzulu besisu seesentimitha ezi-4, kwaye inobunzima be-117 grams; Umbala wetreyi yeti yeglasi uyafana nowesitya seti. Inkxaso enzulu esezantsi ethe tyaba, enobubanzi bediski be-13.7, ububanzi beenyawo be-4.5, kunye nokuphakama kwayo iyonke kwe-3.8 centimeters, ubunzima be-138 grams, zombini zenziwe ngokuvuthuzwa okungenamngundo.

Ikomityi yeti yeglasi kunye netreyi yeti zahlulwe

Umbhalo okwi "Clothing Tent" owafunyanwa kwibhotwe elingaphantsi komhlaba ubhekisa kule seti yezibambi zeti zeglasi njenge "isitya seti seglasi iTuozi", esasikwayimbeko evela kuMlawuli uXizong weTang Dynasty.

Ngexesha lobukhosi bukaSong nobukaLiao, ishishini lokuvelisa iglasi alizange lilawulwe yinkundla yasebukhosini, kwaye neeworkshops zeglasi zabucala nazo zaphuhliswa. Iimveliso zeglasi ezisemgangathweni eziqhelekileyo zazisele zixhaphakile, kodwa izitya zeglasi ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ezinobungcibi obuntsonkothileyo kunye neemilo ezintle zazisaxatyiswa kakhulu lihlabathi. Ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo zazisetyenziswa njengeminikelo kwaye ziqokelelwa kwiibhotwe ezingaphantsi komhlaba.

IMyuziyam yeNkosazana uChen yase-Inner Mongolia enekomityi yeglasi

Ngomnyaka wesixhenxe kaLiao Kaitai eNaiman Banner, e-Inner Mongolia (1018 AD), kwafunyanwa izitya zeglasi ezisixhenxe kwingcwaba elidibeneyo likaNkosazana Chen nomyeni wakhe. Enye yeekomityi zeglasi ezipheleleyo ezinesiphatho iphakame ngeesentimitha ezili-11.4, inobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezili-9 kunye nobubanzi obungaphantsi obuziisentimitha ezi-5.4. Imdaka mnyama kwaye icacile, inomaleko ogudileyo phezu komphezulu. Umlomo uvaliwe kancinci, ububanzi buyi-cylindrical, amahlombe avuvukile, isisu sijijekile kakhulu, kwaye iinyawo zendandatho yobuxoki ziqhagamshelwe kwisiphatho esisicaba esijikelezayo emlonyeni nasemagxeni. Kukho isikrweqe esijikelezileyo esimile okwekhekhe kwisiphelo esiphezulu sesiphatho, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba sisitya seglasi esaveliswa kwinkulungwane ye-10 kwithafa lase-Iran.

Ibhotile yeglasi enepateni yezipikili zobisi engcwabeni leNkosazana uChen weLiao Dynasty

Kukwakho nebhotile yeglasi elungisiweyo enemilo yeengono, enobude obuziisentimitha ezili-17, enobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezi-6, ububanzi besisu obuziisentimitha ezili-9.5, kunye nobubanzi obungaphantsi obuziisentimitha ezili-8.7. Ayinambala kwaye ayibonakali, inentamo ende kunye nesisu esimile okwe-funnel, esivuvukileyo. Ine-ringi ende efana nexilongo kwaye ihonjiswe ngemigca emihlanu yeemilo zeengono ezincinci eludongeni lwesisu. Eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba isiphatho sebhotile senziwe ngeengqimba ezili-10 zemigca yeglasi engenanto, nto leyo efuna ukuba iingcali zeglasi ziqonde ngokupheleleyo ixesha leglasi eshushu enyibilikayo ijika ukusuka ethambileyo ukuya kwenzima ngexesha lokuphola, kwaye ziyifake kancinci ngeendlela eziphambili zokugqiba inkqubo enzima. Le bhotile yeglasi enemilo yeenzipho zobisi kusenokwenzeka ukuba yimveliso yeglasi evela eYiputa okanye eSiriya.

Phakathi kwezinto zeglasi ezifunyenwe engcwabeni likaNkosazana Chen weLiao Dynasty, kukho ipleyiti yeglasi eqoshiweyo enobubanzi obuyi-25.5 cm, ububanzi obungaphantsi obuyi-10 cm, kunye nokuphakama okuyi-6.8 cm. Ayinambala kwaye ayibonakali, inomaleko ogudileyo phezu komphezulu, umlebe ovulekileyo ojikelezayo, indandatho yesisu egobileyo, kunye neenyawo. Udonga lwesisu luhonjiswe ngeepiramidi ezincinci ezingama-28 ezine-quadrangular ezipholishwe ngesandla ngevili lokusila. Esi sitya seglasi esiqoshiweyo sinobume obuhle kunye nobugcisa obuhle kakhulu. Isenokuba yimveliso yoBukhosi baseByzantine kwinkulungwane ye-10 neye-11, kwaye sisixhobo seglasi esikhethekileyo emhlabeni esisekho!

Ipleyiti yeglasi eqoshiweyo evela engcwabeni likaNkosazana uChen weLiao Dynasty

Izitya zeglasi ezisengcwabeni likaNkosazana uChen woBukhosi bukaLiao zivela kuBukhosi baseByzantine nakwihlabathi lamaSilamsi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kukaLiao neNtshona lungaphaya kwengqondo yabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Ukuvezwa emoyeni ixesha elide okanye kwindawo yokugcina izinto phantsi komhlaba ixesha elide kunokubangela ukuba izinto zeglasi zibe mdaka, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zilahlekelwe ziimpawu zazo ezicacileyo. Ke ngoko, iglasi yamandulo ebonwa namhlanje ayisiyo imbonakalo yayo yokuqala.

Ikomityi yeglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eneenyawo eziphakamileyo evela kwingcwaba laseLiao kwiNtaba iTuerji, eMongolia yangaphakathi