IWhiskey yaseScotland: Uhambo olude lwenkulungwane ukusuka ekuTyalini iMveli ukuya ekwandeni kwehlabathi

Imvelaphi kunye namaNqaku abalulekileyo embali

Iwhisky yaseScotch, efinyezwa ngokuthi yiScotch, ibonisa imeko yayo engaqhelekanga. Esi siselo sisemgangathweni ophezulu senziwa ngobuchule obugqwesileyo obudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kweli lizwe lamandulo laseScotland, nto leyo eyenza incasa eyahlukileyo nemnandi. Ilifa layo elibalulekileyo lembali linokulandelwa emva kwiMing Dynasty eTshayina kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-500 eyadlulayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iwhisky yaseScotland ibe yinto exabisekileyo phakathi kwabantu abangcamla iwayini kunye nabathandi bayo kwihlabathi liphela.

Iwhiskey yaseScotland inokulandelwa emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-500, inembali ende kunye nomtsalane okhethekileyo, ochukumisa kakhulu ihlabathi.

Imvelaphi Yeziselo Ezinxilisayo

Ibhiya ye-malt, njengenye yeziselo ezinxilisayo ezindala kwimbali yoluntu, ekuqaleni yayisiselo esimnandi, esinotywala obuphantsi, nesivundisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ibe yiwhisky edumileyo kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje, kusafuneka idlule kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lotshintsho - "i-distillation". Kwinkulungwane ye-12 AD, ubuchwepheshe be-distillation baziswa eYurophu ngezandla zama-Arabhu avela eTshayina ekude. Ngaphambi koku, utywala obuphezulu babusetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango, busasazwa ziimonasteri, kwaye buhlonitshwa "njengamanzi obomi". Olu lwelo lomlingo lwakhawuleza lwafumana ingqalelo enkulu phakathi koluntu kunye necawa.

Ukumkani ukhokela umkhwa wewhisky

Imbali yewhisky yaseScotland ingalandwa emva kowe-1494, xa uKumkani uJames IV waseScotland wayeyithanda kakhulu iwhisky kwaye wade wabandakanyeka ngokwakhe kwinkqubo yayo yokwenza ubhiya. Kwisiqithi saseAire, imonki yamaKatolika egama linguJohn Corr yathunywa yinkosi ukuba ithenge i-malt njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye i-whisky yokwenza ubhiya eyaziwa ngokuba "ngamanzi obomi", elingana neebhotile ezili-1500 namhlanje. Ukususela ngoko, iwhisky ibe sisiselo sasebukhosini, kwaye imeko yayo iyabonakala.

Umdlalo wamandla phakathi kukaKumkani uSu noKumkani uYing

Emva kokusweleka kukaJames IV, iScotland yawela phantsi kolawulo lokumkani waseBritane ngo-1513. UHenry VIII wayichitha i-monasteries yaseScotland waza wanyanzela ii-monks ukuba zishiye amakhaya azo. Emva kokuzulazula phakathi kwabantu, ezi monks zazinokuthembela kuphela kwiindlela zokunyibilikisa ukuze ziphile ngokwenza i-whisky kwiindawo zabucala nakwiifama. Nangona kunjalo, iPalamente yaseScotland, iqhutywa luthando loluntu nge-whisky, yagqiba ekubeni ivumeleke ngokusemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, emehlweni osapho lwasebukhosini baseBritane, i-whisky yaseScotland isasemthethweni. Ukuze ifumane isabelo semarike ye-whisky kodwa ingafuni ukwenza imveliso yayo ibe semthethweni, usapho lwasebukhosini baseBritane lwamkela icebo lobuqili ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 - ukumisela irhafu enzima kwi-malt. Eli nyathelo layandisa ngakumbi ubudlelwane obuxineneyo phakathi kweScotland neNgilane.

Ulwando lwehlabathi luthatha amathuba embali

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iBritane yayikwincopho yobutyebi bayo belizwe obuchumayo. Ngeli thuba, iinkampani ezinkulu zotywala ezifana noTommy Dewar, uJohnnie Walker, uJames Chivas, nabanye baye batyhala iwhisky yaseScotland kwimarike yehlabathi - ukusuka eHong Kong exakekileyo ukuya eHanoi yamandulo, ukusuka eSydney exakekileyo ukuya eSan Francisco exakekileyo, ukusuka eMontreal exakekileyo ukuya eMumbai exakekileyo, kwanakwiziqithi ezikude zaseKapa naseCape Verde. Uhambo lwehlabathi lwewhisky yaseScotland luqalile, luphumelele uthando oluhlala luhleli lwabathengi behlabathi kwaye lubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sempumelelo yanamhlanje.

Ubuchwepheshe obutsha emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini

Ngo-1938, i-United States yaba yimarike ephambili yokuthumela ngaphandle iwhisky yaseScotland. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iwhisky yabizwa ngokuba "yisiselo sehlabathi elikhululekileyo," ngenxa yokukhuthazwa ngokubanzi eHollywood kunye nokufikelela kwaseYurophu kwama-Allies, udumo lwayo lwakhula imihla ngemihla. Ngo-1970, imveliso yewhisky ye-malt yayiphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa nowe-1960. Ngokunyuka kwemveliso, ii-distilleries zewhisky nazo ziye zaphuculwa. Itanki ye-saccharification ezenzekelayo iye yathatha indawo yeetanki ze-rake kunye ne-plow saccharification zendabuko, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kokucoca kuye kwaphinda kathathu ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ii-distilleries ezininzi nazo ziye zazisa izinto zokucima umlilo ngqo kwaye kancinci kancinci zatshintshela kwiindlela zokufudumeza ngomphunga.

Ukunyuka kwe-single malt

Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, iGlenfiddich distillery yabonisa ukuqonda okukhulu kwimarike yaza yagqiba ekubeni ihlukane nesithethe ngokuthengisa iwayini zayo ngohlobo lwe "single malt". Nangona iwhisky exutyiweyo yayilawula imarike ngelo xesha, eli nyathelo litsha lavula indlela yokwanda kwewhisky ye-single malt. IGlenfiddich ithengise iibhokisi ezili-11422 zewhisky ye-single malt, kwaye ngo-1970, intengiso yabo yonyaka yayidlule kwiibhokisi ezingama-50000, ithatha isithathu kwisithathu sesabelo semarike yokuthumela ngaphandle yeSunway kwaye yaba lishishini eliphambili kwiwhisky ye-single malt.

Imakethi yaseTshayina echumayo

Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, uthando lwaseTshayina ngewhisky yaseScotland lukhule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba olu hlobo luqhubeke. Nangona iBaijiu ilawula imarike yotywala yaseTshayina, abathengi abancinci nabanamandla ngokwezimali baphendukela kwiSolvay. Abathengi baseTshayina banomdla kwilifa lembali elinzulu laseSuwei kunye nobugcisa bendabuko. Abathandi bewhisky abaninzi bazimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kwe-£150 ngebhotile nganye, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabo bakholelwa ukuba i-single malt yeyona nto ilungileyo kwiimarike. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-China Customs ngo-2021, umthamo wewhisky yasekhaya yokungenisa unyuke nge-43.9% unyaka nonyaka, yafikelela kwi-30.28 yezigidi zeelitha, kwaye ixabiso lokungenisa linyuke nge-92%, lafikelela kwi-460 yezigidi zeerandi zaseMelika.